From: owner-aml-list-digest@lists.xmission.com (aml-list-digest) To: aml-list-digest@lists.xmission.com Subject: aml-list-digest V1 #144 Reply-To: aml-list Sender: owner-aml-list-digest@lists.xmission.com Errors-To: owner-aml-list-digest@lists.xmission.com Precedence: bulk aml-list-digest Friday, September 1 2000 Volume 01 : Number 144 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2000 21:45:10 -0600 From: Jacob Proffitt Subject: Re: [AML] History and Fiction On Wed, 30 Aug 2000 13:49:00 EDT, ViKimball@aol.com wrote: >Too many teachers=20 >concentrate on dates, names and places. That is boring. I think it's the= =20 >fault of the teachers and those who write the history books. They may be boring (okay, they ARE boring), but they are very easy to = test. Since we only educate with the intention of testing, it's no surprise = that history books concentrate on dates, names and places. If you include = other stuff, you can't make easy multiple choice questions anymore. Jacob - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 08:03:22 EDT From: AEParshall@aol.com Subject: Re: [AML] History and Fiction In a message dated 8/30/2000 11:28:55 PM Mountain Daylight Time, jpsteed@hotmail.com writes: << But how do you know which version is "what really happened"? ... I'm just not sure it's really possible to say X (not Y) is "what really happened." >> Jason, I still cannot understand why this is such a major stumbling block that you make this point over and over again. Are you really sure it isn't possible to know that X (not Y) is what really happened? You do not believe it is possible to know whether Brigham Young (not my Uncle Mortimer) was a president of the LDS church in the 19th century? Or that Heber J. Grant was a polygamist Democrat (not a bachelor Socialist)? Or is "what really happened" unknowable because we may not know what color socks Brigham Young wore on the day he was sustained as president of the church, or what the weather was like on the day Heber J. Grant married his first plural wife? Is it the impossibility of omniscience that bothers you? Because all the historians in all the centuries in all the world working all the time couldn't possibly discover ALL that happened everywhere to everyone at every moment, then the part we do discover isn't A part of what happened? We don't apply that standard to religion, or to medicine, or to aerodynamics, or to any other way of knowing, so why is it that history is held to that? Ardis Parshall AEParshall@aol.com - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2000 22:51:47 -0500 From: "Todd Robert Petersen" Subject: Re: [AML] History and Fiction Thom Duncan wrote in response to Eric Samuelson: > Whose responsibility is to teach history, teachers or > screenwriters? It is everybody's, for the simple fact that the movies are MORE powerful than history books in our culture. The movies trump the actual, which is funny because what was initially compelling about photography and early cinema was the fact that they could capture the actual much "better" than other forms, which seemed to always point so directly to the artist's hand, and not to the subject itself. Now this is a debatable point, of course. I know what goes into making and manipulating photographs, film, video, etc, and would never venture to say that it is some kind of transparent medium. But still. Photos, cinema, etc. do something very powerful with our sense of reality. Think of Matthew Brady's civil war photos; the Lumiere brother's train pulling into the station film (which scared Paris audiences to death at its premiere). Because historically-based stories end up at the top of the heap, those who use history in their narratives have a responsibility to play it pretty straight. If they are going to mess around, it should be pretty clear that they are messing around. And if they want to go this route, they should make sure that they are commenting on the events they are trying to present AND comment on the nature of history AND of storytelling. Walter Benjamin pointed out the old bromide that the masses want diversion and that art demands concentration. I've heard it argued over and over on this list that art is art and teaching is teaching and so forth. Well, it seems like it's always a little of both. Entertainment is a diversion, like junk food. It's nice, but it finally doesn't get you much. People who write historical novels need to be careful that they're not substituting their "expeditious" versions of history for ones that might be closer to "facts" whatever those might be. > If we want history, we should go to the library. And chose which books, exactly? Once again, this is a kind of church and state argument about history and art. What are people so worried about? That their art might get messed up. Hitchcock once said that drama is life with the boring bits taken out. Cutting out stuff is one thing, adding is another. - -- Todd Robert Petersen - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: From: Subject: [none] ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 10:00:38 -0500 From: Jonathan Langford Subject: [AML] Introductions Greetings List members, It's that time of year again. As is customary, we invite all AML-List and AML-Mag subscribers who wish to do so to introduce yourselves. This is completely optional, but serves as a pleasant way for us to get to know each other better. If you've posted an introduction before, but it's been a while, consider introducing yourself again. Respond in paragraph form, and include any or all of the following: name, age, whether you're male or female, family status, home town, occupation, and connection to Mormon literature (reader, writer, teacher, critic, other). Go into as much or as little detail as desired, keeping in mind that this List is a public forum. Looking forward to hearing about all of you... [Note: All of the introductions will be posted to the List, but not to the Mag. So if you are an AML-Mag subscriber who send in an introduction, you probably won't see it when your introduction goes out.] Jonathan Langford AML-List Moderator - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 10:04:12 -0500 From: Jonathan Langford Subject: [AML] Introductions: Jonathan Langford I'll kick off the introductions by introducing myself. I'm Jonathan Langford, 38 years old, male, married with three children: Nathan, 11; Rowan, 5; and Michael, about 7 weeks. I'm originally from Oregon, but spent several years at BYU, where I met my (future) wife Laurel, followed by seven years in California where we both attended graduate school. I'm currently living in western Wisconsin (River Falls, about a half hour east of St. Paul, Minnesota), where my wife teaches mathematics at the local university. I work as a freelance (self-employed) writer in the educational technology field. We've been here for three years. While at BYU, I was actively involved in the science fiction and fantasy community there, including several years working on _The Leading Edge_, the student science fiction and fantasy magazine. I also helped run _Life, the Universe and Everything_, BYU's annual science fiction and fantasy symposium. My bachelor's and master's degrees were both in English from BYU; my thesis was on coming-of-age in J. R. R. Tolkien's _The Lord of the Rings_. I also worked some on other publications at BYU, including time as an intern for _BYU Studies_. In California, I officially specialized in medieval literature, but quit before completing my degree. My main current connection with Mormon literature is moderating AML-List, which I have done since May of this year. I've been a List member for about four years now. I also consider myself a member at large of the Mormon science fiction and fantasy community, and have an amateur interest in Mormon approaches to literary theory and criticism. And I like a good conversation. That's about it... Jonathan Langford - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 10:47:01 -0500 From: Jonathan Langford Subject: Re: [AML] History and Fiction Thom writes: >The questions a viewer should be asking him or herself is not >"How accurate is this?" but rather, "Does the transition into the >song work or is it forced?" "Is that joke funny or not?" "Is >that animation inspired or rather pedestrian?" > >We bring too much of our own agenda to the art we consume in this >country. We should work more at setting aside our own agendas, >in this case, our own understanding of history, and try to see >what the director or writer is trying to do to our emotions. At the risk of beating a dead horse--or at least repeating myself--I'll say once again that the choice to use a historically based character is a choice that, in my view, brings consequences. If you want to write a story that's uncontaminated by the reader's or viewer's prior knowledge of history, then don't use a historical character. Turning it around, it seems to me that use of a historical character is a sign that the artist *wants* to play on, or take advantage of, our prior knowledge of history. Otherwise, why choose a character that brings such baggage? Unless the baggage itself is part of what the artist wants to deal with or use to create an artistic effect. In which case it would actually work *against* the artist's purposes for audience members to, as it were, check their historical baggage at the door. What makes historical characters worth using in a work of art is precisely the baggage and associations they bring with them. You can't have it both ways: both using those historical associations to create an artistic effect, and at the same time ignoring those associations when they get in the way of what you're trying to achieve. I also don't see how critiquing the artist's use of historical materials is that much different than critiquing the animation. In both cases, what you're critiquing is the artist's use of the materials he or she has chosen to communicate the story. Let me turn this around another way. Why shouldn't I let my notions of history influence how I view a work of art? When it comes to the realm of my own reactions, I require a pretty powerful reason to decide that I'm wrong to respond in the way I do. So what is that reason? What will I gain from reacting the way Thom says I ought to react? Jonathan Langford Speaking for myself, not the List jlangfor@pressenter.com - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 09:52:47 -0600 From: "Tyler Moulton" Subject: [AML] Introductions: Tyler Moulton I would like to introduce myself. My name is Tyler Moulton and I've been a = lurker here with occasional posts over the last year. I am extremely happily married to the greatest wife and mother in the = world. (Her name is Heather, in case anyone ever wondered who holds that = position.) We have two delightful children--Katherine (6), who is just = starting first grade and busily losing teeth, and Joseph (4), who is = ecstatic about starting pre-school. I met Heather as I was finishing up a Masters' in Ancient Near Eastern = Studies from BYU. She was teaching English at a local middle school, and = we met at a mutual friend's wedding in the Provo temple. (As you can = imagine, she tells the story much better than I.) I taught in the religion department at BYU for two years before we moved = to England where I read for a PhD in comparative religion. (My dissertation= bore the presumptuous title, "Divine Benevolence, Embodiment, and = Salvation in the Teachings of Joseph Smith and the Book of Mormon.") We thought we would return to BYU, but such a dissertation (from one = uninitiated in the ways of CES) raised a few eyebrows and caused a bit of = a stir among some in the religion department. It appears that unless one = has been adequately trained for the ministry, he should not presume to = write--however tentatively--about something as fundamental as the = atonement. We live in Provo and I surprised everyone who knew me by finding gainful = employment as the Acquisitions Editor for Covenant Communications. I get = to spend my days looking for promising new book ideas for the LDS = audience. (Anyone? Anyone?) I love my job and the people I get to work = with. (I also have the unpleasant task of sending out lots of rejection = letters. I've been on the receiving end, too, so I know how it feels.) I like to hike in the mountains east of Provo and would love to have more = time to spend painting and writing. My parents were gypsies (by choice, = not birthright) and I inherited their love of travel. They introduced me = to the people and cultures of over forty countries on six continents and I = hope to provide similar opportunities for my children. I know many of you and look forward to meeting many more. This is a fun = community to be a part of. That's more than enough about me. Tyler Moulton - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 09:17:19 PDT From: "Jason Steed" Subject: Re: [AML] History and Fiction ><< But how do you know which version is "what really happened"? ... I'm >just >not sure it's really possible to say X (not Y) is > "what really happened." > >> > >Jason, I still cannot understand why this is such a major stumbling block >that you make this point over and over again. > >Are you really sure it isn't possible to know that X (not Y) is what really >happened? You do not believe it is possible to know whether Brigham Young >(not my Uncle Mortimer) was a president of the LDS church in the 19th >century? Or that Heber J. Grant was a polygamist Democrat (not a bachelor >Socialist)? You misunderstand me. I don't mean that the historicity of certain facts are unknowable. I mean the "real story" of history--the cause-and-effect, the narratives that impose order and meaning on a series of knowable facts--is unknowable. It is always possible to have different versions of the story (though the historicity of certain facts might be indisputable). I don't mean to harp on this point. Only to make it. But each time I make it, it is argued, so I take up my side of the argument. I don't mean to make a bigger deal of it than it is--I actually think it's a rather easy thing to acknowledge and accept as true. Jason _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com. - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 09:48:18 PDT From: "Jason Steed" Subject: [AML] Introductions: Jason Steed Maybe I can get through my introduction without getting into too much trouble... :) My name is Jason Steed, I'm married to Michele Barker Steed, and we have two children--Cameron (about to be 4) and Megan (about to be 2). We too are originally from Oregon (Monmouth and Tigard, respectively), and we met at BYU. We live (for now) in Las Vegas, where I'm working on my PhD in 20th century literature and teaching at UNLV. Love the school and the department, hate the city... I have a BA in English from BYU and an MFA in creative writing from U of Idaho. My interest in Mormon letters is relatively new and until several months ago (at a conference at BYU), I didn't know AML existed. But of course I'm VERY interested in all things literary (and philosophical and theoretical, especially as they pertain to literature), so even though I'm not as familiar with Mormon works/authors as most of you probably are, I'm very interested in and excited about this forum. I personally have managed to publish only a couple of short stories so far--I have a collection I'm working on, but it has been stuck on the back burner since the PhD thing got going. Most of my writing now is scholarly/critical in nature. I've published several articles on various topics, and last Feb I presented a paper on "Mormon Discourses of Death and Negotiations of Identity"--addressing the ways in which the Mormon sense of group and individual identity is forged in part by the ways we conceive of/perceive death--at a conference at Yale University. (But I was very frustrated over the paper's progress, so it's been discarded.) Anyway, that's probably enough. J.P. Steed English Department, UNLV 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Box 455011 Las Vegas, NV 89154-5011 jpsteed@hotmail.com http://complabs.nevada.edu/~stee6515 _________________ "God created man because he loves stories." -- Elie Wiesel "There is no story that is not true." -- Chinua Achebe _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com. - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 13:26:00 -0400 From: "Tracie Laulusa" Subject: RE: [AML] History and Fiction I see Jason's point. There are certain things that happened in my family as I was growing up. No one argues that they happened. Yet, if you asked each of us individually we would all have a different viewpoint of just how, and maybe more importantly, why they happened. I do not agree that people purporting to write historical fiction have no responsibility. Don't argue with me, Thom :o). We will just never agree. I plan on meeting Joseph Smith one day. I'd like him to be a friend. Tracie Laulusa - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 11:39:22 -0600 From: "Cathy Wilson" Subject: [AML] Introductions: Cathy Wilson I'm Cathy Gileadi Wilson. I was Cathy Gileadi till last July when I got married to Russell Wilson, head of the music department at the College of Eastern Utah. Fairy tales do come true. . .with nine children, I thought I'd be a sulky single mom for the rest of my mortal walk, but I met my soul mate and have become newly convinced about the wonderment of a good marriage. I have a B.A. from BYU in English/Spanish, and an M.A. from BYU in American Literature, with a creative thesis of poetry. I have taught part-time at BYU right after my Masters' (many years ago) and then at CEU for a semester or two, but adjunct salaries are abysmal so I'm holding out till a full-time position comes available. . . . I run a home-based editing/writing business and by a stroke of odd fortune (I listed my business on www.bizymoms.com, a site where mothers who have businesses can describe their work. When someone types in "ghostwriting" on AOL, I come up as one of the first hits), I have almost more work than I can handle. I do all sorts of projects for all sorts of fascinating people. I read, write and think about Mormon lit -- and literature in general. Irreantum has been kind enough to publish a number of my poems, thanks to Harlow Clark, who is a great supporter of LDS writers and artists with his insightful and kind reviews. Cathy (Gileadi) Wilson Editing Etc. 15 East 600 North Price UT 84501 - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 12:27:42 -0600 From: Tom Matkin Subject: [AML] Introductions: Tom Matkin Jonathan Langford wrote: > > Greetings List members, I guess I'm one of those again. I have been fickle in my affiliation with this list, but have recently decided to try again because I love to read things that are well written. Also I'm curious to see if the new moderator makes a difference. Not that I'm critical of the former moderator, although I have been critical of the way the ground rules work to stifle responses to certain posts that seemed to beg for honest response. Mostly I expect to lurk. > > It's that time of year again. As is customary, we invite all AML-List and > AML-Mag subscribers who wish to do so to introduce yourselves. My name is Tom Matkin > This is > completely optional, I've always avoided this before, but maybe I've had a change of heart? > but serves as a pleasant way for us to get to know each > other better. I'm all for that. Although some introductions (not here of course, never here) seem more determined to hide the real person than to help anyone get to know him. > > Respond in paragraph form, and include any or all of the following: name, > age, whether you're male or female, family status, home town, occupation, > and connection to Mormon literature (reader, writer, teacher, critic, > other). Go into as much or as little detail as desired, keeping in mind that > this List is a public forum. > Did I miss the bit that said "Don't answer any of the questions until you have read all of the exam paper from top to bottom." Sorry I've already started wrong and to prove I'm imaginative and independent, I'll just forge on in my own way, making a brief gesture of compliance by answering all the questions in the foregoing paragraph in paragraph form. As I believe I mentioned, my name is Tom Matkin. I am married to the lovely Betty Matkin. We have 5 children ranging in age from 28 to 7. We have 3 grandchildren. We are tired. Betty teaches school part time and for the past 25 years I have been practicing law (by myself for the most part) in the very small town of Cardston, Alberta, Canada. I missioned in France with Thom Duncan a few years ago. I have been a bishop etc. etc. and I currently work as an ordinance worker at the Cardston Alberta temple and look forward to teaching early morning seminary in the coming year. I'm active in the local historical society and theatrical society and wrote and produced a play this summer called "Trail of the Chosen" which depicted the discovery and settlement of Cardston by Charles Ora Card and other polygamist pioneers in 1887. The play was a full broadway style musical (with a cast of more than 50) and attracted great attention and appreciation from sold out audiences in its 10 day run. I'm reluctant to ever write another play as I feel I can only do worse. (My treatment of "Esther" has a killer song about the Persian Beauty Parlour, but I can't seem to get very far beyond that) Still I do plod along writing verse mostly. I'm sort of in a limerick mode just now. (It's true that I write limericks/Which fall from my keyboard like bricks/And they seem every time/Ephem'ral not sublime/But something occasion'lly sticks.) I post these verses on a list that I created on Topica.com called mormonpoets list. There are a few other hardy soldiers on the list who post a few lines themselves. Some, I know, are AML subscribers as well. It has been a brave experiment and the results are not in yet, but if you want to really torture yourself you could peek at the archives for that list and see an awful lot of poetry that I have written. If you do that, you will know why I have made no effort to have anything published. If you have any excess creative energy of your own, come join the band. > Looking forward to hearing about all of you... > Oh, the pleasure has been mine. Thank you. No, no, you are too kind. Thank *you*. Tom - -- Tom Matkin www.matkin.com (1 Jn. 4:8) 8 He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love. - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2000 00:33:12 -0600 From: "Gae Lyn Henderson" Subject: [AML] Introductions: Gae Lyn Henderson I've never introduced myself on the list, so I guess now is the time. My name is Gae Lyn Henderson. I graduated with my B.A. and M.A. in English from BYU. I teach writing at BYU for English Composition and Honors. I'm interested in rhetoric, philosophy, critical theory, gender studies, sexual issues, psychological approaches to literature (particularly Jungian/mythological), new-age spiritualism, and Mormon literature. My writing is critical/academic. I'm presenting a paper at the AML session of RMMLA, October 12-14, in Boise, so I hope to see some of you there. I love some of the people I've met from the list!! (My turn to use exclamation points). I don't know about the rest of you, but I really need friends with whom I can share my literary and scholarly interests and even more than that--my questions and concerns about intellectual pursuits in Mormon culture. I'm married and the mother of six sons ages 13 to 25. We live in Highland, Utah. I love weight-lifting, running, and hiking, particularly hiking the trail to Timpanogus Cave which is 10 minutes from my house. - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 12:57:07 -0600 From: "Eric R. Samuelsen" Subject: Re: [AML] History and Fiction And so Jason and I go back and forth, both of us representing positions = we're actually somewhat uncomfortable with, and disagreeing when we'd = really rather agree. Let me see if we can fix the problem. First of all, I quite agree that 'what really happened' in the historical = past is unknowable. But the nagging itch of every historian I've ever met = is to get as close as we can. We take the source texts of history and we = construct narratives around them, and the narratives we construct = inevitably reflect the present. And although we may eventually agree = about certain facts and certain events, the significance and interpretation= of those facts and events must always reflect our own subjectivity. = Abraham Lincoln really was shot to death in Ford's Theater. Joseph Smith = really was killed at Carthage. There's no serious dispute in either case. = But why did these events happen? What's their significance? That's more = interesting, more important, and of course, more subjective. What really = happened? A mob broke into a jail, and shot a guy who called himself a = prophet. Was this the martyrdom of a prophet? An unfortunate mistake? A = justified homicide of a certifiable nut? I know what I think happened. = That's as far as I can say. More on this later. Eric Samuelsen - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Aug 2000 16:21:04 -0700 From: "Christopher Bigelow" Subject: [AML] Introductions: Chris Bigelow Hi, I'm Chris(topher) Bigelow, age 33, male, married with three kids (2 = from previous marriage). I have lived in Provo since 1998 and also have = strong ties to Los Angeles (1967-1977); Bountiful, Utah (1977-1984 and = subsequent parental crashings between moves and divorce); Melbourne, = Australia (mission, 1986-88); Boston (1988-1992); and Salt Lake City = (1984-86, 1992-1997). I work as a marketing writer for one of Utah's = several multilevel nutritional companies, and I teach freshman English as = an adjunct at both Salt Lake Community College and Utah Valley State = College (I usually prefer one class a semester but somehow got myself into = two this fall).=20 I used to do some freelance writing and editing, but now I am reserving as = much time and energy as possible for family, hobby-level novel writing, = and AML/Irreantum work (plus extra sleep, movies, magazines, books, and = mall haunting with the kids). I'm also an avid music listener, with tastes = mostly on the hard, dark side of rock. I don't mind teaching because it = uses different mental muscles than writing/editing and is usually = refreshing to me, though I apply only minimal effort (I make it a point to = read everything I assign the students and anything I put more than a check = mark on). I used to work at the Church's Ensign magazine (1993-2000) but = did not find it personally or creatively rewarding enough to fully engage = my professional self (maybe a third of myself). I have as many negative as = positive feelings about working in big corporations and organizations, but = I don't have any alternatives at the moment.=20 My connection to Mormon literature is having read a fair bit, starting = with Eugene England's Mormon lit course in 1993, having participated = fairly avidly on AML-List for what, three years now, and having founded = and currently serving as comanaging editor of Irreantum, the AML's = literary quarterly. In literary circles, I've written a handful of = Mormon-related reviews and stories and have seen a couple of minor = publishing credits (mostly in my own magazine--but other editors selected = the pieces, I promise). I am currently trying to write a contemporary, = mainstream novel for a non-Mormon audience that delves deeply into Mormon = characters and content--I'm just finishing a 300-page first draft and = taking comments from a writing group or two in preparation for a rewrite. = The response has not exactly been what I would call encouraging, but I = still personally believe in the story and hope to do it some justice and = perhaps make it publishable (even if just by Xlibris or some such). I am = also currently editing my mission letters and journals into a memoir that = I am going to try to market to national publishers.=20 Oh, education--I have a B.F.A. in Writing, Literature, and Publishing = (emphasis on professional writing) from Emerson College, Boston, and an = M.A. in English from BYU (emphasis on creative writing).=20 Chris Bigelow - - AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature http://www.xmission.com/~aml/aml-list.htm ------------------------------ End of aml-list-digest V1 #144 ******************************